Lewis and Clark Expedition - 1018 Words

James Jang William and Meriwether, better known as Lewis and Clark, were hired by the U.S. president Thomas Jefferson to explore the newly bought Louisiana Purchase. The Louisiana Purchase was bought from France in 1803. Lewis and Clark started their expedition in 1804 near St. Louis. The group of explorers called themselves the corps of discovery. In the first winter they were helped by a Shoshone Indian named Sacagawea. Their journey was full of trouble and challenges but in the end led to a great discovery that changed the lives and beliefs of people everywhere. Their expedition stretched from camp wood to fort Clatsop. Lewis and Clark knew each other from the war where Clark was under William Lewis’s command later then Thomas Jefferson recruited Clark to lead this exploration and then he went to William Lewis to ask him to come along with him. Their expedition was full of confusing water ways that could potentially ruin their exploration for the most convenient route throu gh the Louisiana Purchase. One problem was that America claimed parts of land that were occupied by the Native Americans; this was a problem because this caused many disputes between Americans and the Natives that lived there. This expedition was not to find trade roots or to search for science but was to discover the Louisiana Purchase. In May of 1804 the expedition started off in camp Dubois next they arrive at St. Charles, and then they ventured on the Missouri river. Next in June the journey movesShow MoreRelatedThe Lewis And Clark Expedition1333 Words   |  6 PagesMeriwether Lewis. Lewis turned for assistance and invited the U.S soldier and experienced outdoorsman, William Clark, to share command of this legendary expedition. The explorers marched to the unexpected challenges and experiences that laid within the unfamiliar land. Their contributions to the extraordinary expedition provided valuable information regarding the topography and ecology the Louisiana territory had t o offer. Appointed for the Position The Lewis and Clark Expedition coveredRead MoreThe Lewis And Clark Expedition1405 Words   |  6 Pages Sacajawea is a renowned Native American woman who played a significant role in the Lewis and Clark Expedition. As stated by Brown, â€Å"She turned to dreaming of the future, of what it might hold for Pomp (her son), as she had dreamed of what might lie ahead for her when she had learned she was to be going on the expedition. But it was no dream that she had become a part of history† (110). Although most of her history is unclear, one thing is definite - without the help of Sacajawea, the United StatesRead MoreThe Lewis And Clark Expedition1433 Words   |  6 PagesThe Lewis and Clark expedition was a truth that was to become the crowning accomplishment in the lifetime of the brilliant thinker, inventor, and founding father, Thomas Jefferson . It has become a profounding turning point throughout America’s history. Investigating the recently obtained L ouisiana Territory, which nearly doubled the size of the country, arranged Jefferson the opportunity to widen the boundaries of the United States to include both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The threat of theRead MoreThe Lewis And Clark Expedition1415 Words   |  6 PagesCaptain Meriwether Lewis and William Clark put their lives on the line only to return with information regarding the Pacific Northwest of the United States territory. Their reasons behind this journey, being to expand the United States to the West, involved the entire nation but debatably, their accomplishments and the reaction of others became a major part of today’s history. The foremost reason behind the Lewis and Clark expedition was all based on Thomas Jefferson’s, president at the time, interestRead MoreThe Expedition Of Lewis And Clark1270 Words   |  6 PagesWithout the expedition of Lewis and Clark, the American history that people know would be completely different changing the accomplishments in history. The background and experience Lewis and Clark already developed prior to the expedition would be very beneficial and help make the journey easier. The development of the mission played a key part in the expedition itself because if the development did not play out exactly how Jefferson planned, then the expedition may not have been as successful.Read MoreThe Expedition of Lewis and Clark581 Words   |  2 PagesThis report is on Lewis and Clarks adventure through the United States. On May 14,1803 William Clark and nearly four dozen other men met up with Meriwether Lewis on May 20. The Lewis and Clark Expeditio,n The Corps of Discovery began making its way up the †¢. \\?\ \? Missouri on a †¢ss-toot-long ship and two smaller boats. As they traveled,Clark spent most of his time on the ship journaling the course and making maps. Lewis wa s often on the shore, studying the rock formations, soil,animalsRead MoreThe Expedition Of Lewis And Clark1522 Words   |  7 PagesMany people in America know of the historical expedition of Lewis and Clark, but only a few know of the expedition to California led by Jedediah Smith. This expedition took place after Thomas Jefferson signed the papers to acquire a huge region in the west through the Louisiana Purchase. After this expansion many people were eager to explore the west and among those was Jedediah Smith. From his childhood, Smith dreamed one day of exploring the unknown west part of the United States. He once saidRead MoreLewis And Clark Expedition : The Great Expedition2140 Words   |  9 Pages Lewis and Clark Expedition The Lewis and Clark expedition was amongst one of the first major American expeditions. This expedition helped the United States advance in science, land as well as gaining many valuable resources. The Lewis and Clark expedition is also an amazing American story. Lewis and Clark went through extraordinary situations to expedite Americas growth and science. They accomplished this expedition with strenuous encounters with the NativeRead MoreLewis and Clark Expedition Essay926 Words   |  4 PagesThis paper will explain why Lewis and Clark are two of the greatest explorers in American history. Some of the distinguishing factors of these explorers and the three main points in this paper are their exploration of the uncharted west by way of the Missouri river, the many discoveries made along the way, and the effect they had on the westward expansion of the United States. In January 1803, Thomas Jefferson sent a confidential message to Congress asking for approval and funding of the explorationRead MoreThe Lewis and Clark Expedition Essay1185 Words   |  5 PagesHowever, it was unknown what was out there. Jefferson planned an exploratory expedition and called upon Meriwether Lewis to lead it. Jefferson was very interested in what was in the west lands. Much was involved in the carrying out of this expedition; the preparations for this trip, what happened during their long journey west, and the return home. This expedition was very important in the development of the United States. Lewis went to Philadelphia for short courses in medicine, celestial observation

Anatman The Five Skandas And Emptiness Free Essays

In short, the doctrine of the five Kansas implies that the â€Å"self† is radically Returning to the Second Noble Truth: The Second Noble Truth states: ducked has specifiable origins. Remember, the e root of ducked is, in part, . But this is a result of believing that the self is an thing and thus foolhardier. We will write a custom essay sample on Anatman The Five Skandas And Emptiness or any similar topic only for you Order Now In addition, we can now see that is brought about by than manta. The three roots of suffering are thus: (craving to have) of the fact that ‘You† are no more 2. 3. Emptiness: The Sanskrit word (craving to not have) (Of the truth Of manta) is commonly translated as â€Å"emptiness. Due t the negative connotations of the word, many contemporary scholars of Bud hiss have suggested alternative translations such as â€Å"limitlessness† or â€Å"boundlessness. † In this class we’ll stick to the common translation of â€Å"emptiness† while keeping in mind the at it does not mean that â€Å"nothing exists† or â€Å"nothingness. † There are many layers to the concept that have developed throughout history . On the one hand, there is the he other hand, there is the notion which well look at presently. On t notion. Well examine this aspect when discuss mindfulness (in this section of the course) and Zane (in the Zen socio n). Two Metaphysical Senses of Emptiness: Sense 1: This oldest sense of the term is merely the concept of manta (and consequently the five Kansas). This is the understanding taken up by the Sense 2: tradition of Buddhism. This understanding is the newer of the two (although from our perspective it s quite ancient). In short, it is the claim that all of reality is radically not merely the â€Å"self. † This meaning of emptiness is corn to the tradition of Buddhism, and originates in the Mohammad philosophy of Nicaragua. However, we need a little bit more detail to do the notion justice. Dependent Origination: The central idea behind dependent origination is that everything is radically and in radical One important consequence of this is that there are neither nor causes effects-?there is nothing that can be identified as the cause or the e effect. There is only the momentary interrelation of the five processes. Thus, reality is no more than a vast system Of _processes. Do not confuse this with the scalded â€Å"butterfly effect. † Another important consequence is that there are no There arena’ metaphysically NT upon everything else. Objects. Indeed, everything is radically depended Other terminology for dependent origination includes â€Å"interdependent arising † â€Å"interdependent coarsening,† or simply â€Å"interdependence. † Wrapping up: So, the distinction between the two senses of emptiness is really one of just r stringing the radical interdependence of the Kansas to the â€Å"self† and of globalization it to all of reality. However, the implications of globalization interdependence are important. The y include: 1. There are no 2. Everything is 3. There are no on and things at all. With everything else. 4. Literally nothing exists-?only causes and effects. Exist-?and thus no Exist. 5. Ignorance as a cause of ducked not only means that one is ignorant of the truth of manta, but that one is also ignorant of the above four facts (among others). These consequences are very important to note when discussing the differed CE between and which we won’t be able to fully summarize until the end of this section. An Interesting Question: self next? Given that Buddhism accepts that notion of reincarnation yet claims that there e is no (but just a set of ever changing processes), what is it that is reborn from one lie fee to the Let’s discuss this as a class. How to cite Anatman The Five Skandas And Emptiness, Papers

How artist are portrayed Essay Example For Students

How artist are portrayed Essay The most successful or famous artists are not always as happy as successful people are portrayed- living a life of fame, fortune, and glamour. The following examples will show some of the problems that four different artists have suffered in the past century. Vincent van Gogh was a Dutch painter who lived from March 30, 1853 to July 29, 1890. He is now one of the most famous painters in modern art (World Book 306). He only sold one painting in his living days, but now his paintings are considered priceless. Some of his paintings and drawings include:The Bedroom at Arles 1888Self-Portrait 1888Vase with 12 Sunflowers 1888Langlois Bridge with Women Washing 1888(Sweetman 378)Those are just a few of his accomplishments, though he has created many, many more works of art. In 1888, artist Paul Gaugin moved into Vincent’s house with him. At first everything worked out fine, but within the year, their personalities started to clash, and big problems arose. Then, on December 23, 1888, Paul Gaugin was taking a walk in the nearby public garden, when, according to his memoir â€Å"Avant et Apres,† Vincent chased after Gaugin with an open razor blade. But, when Gaugin turned around, Vincent turned and ran home. Gaugin decided that this threat was too much for him to take, so he checked into a hotel room for the night. When Paul Gaugin arrived at home the next morning, he saw a crowd of police officers and citizens surrounding the house. When he went in the house he saw that there was blood everywhere- on towels and blankets, then a trail leading up the stairs. When he got to Vincent’s bedroom, he found him curled up on his bed covered in sheets pink with blood. Gaugin thought Vincent was dead, but when he went to touch his friend’s hand, it radiat! ed warmth from his friend’s body (Sweetman 290). Gaugin found out later that Vincent had cut off almost his whole left ear, wrapped it in newspaper, and given it to his friend Rachel. He then said â€Å"Guard this object carefully† (Sweetman 293). Some reasons speculated for this unusual self-destruction were:1. Schizophrenia2. He failed to harm Paul Gaugin so he turned the violence on himself?3. He was just filled with self-loathing?It was later discovered that he was tormented by voices and was having hallucinations. Had he attempted to silence the voices by cutting off the offending organ? (Sweetman 294)Vincent van Gogh began having nervous attacks in 1888, and his doctor diagnosed him with having some sort of epilepsy. He then went back to painting (Sweetman 296). Vincent was fully conscious of his state, and after about four months he went to live at the asylum of St. Paul-de-Mausole. He left the asylum after a few months and returned to painting again. But the nervous attacks did not stop. Then in 1890 when he realized that his epileptic state was incurable, he committed suicide (Sweetman 303). On July 27, 1890, Vincent van Gogh attempted suicide- but he didn’t die. After lunch, Vincent went to Chateau d’Auvers. He leaned his easel against a haystack, and went down to the Chateau wall. He held a revolver to his chest, pulled the trigger, and fainted. When he came to, he searched for the weapon he had used, but could not find it. So he got up and walked to a friend’s house in town (Sweetman 341). The friends called a doctor, and the doctor dressed the bullet wound. No vital organ including the heart had been hit. But the doctors decided that if Vincent wanted to die, they would let him. He was not taken to a hospital, and the doctors left (Sweetman 342). On July 28, 1890, Theodore, Vincent’s brother came to where Vincent was staying. Though he was in good condition, as the day wore on, infection set in Because doctors believed that leaving the wound alone and not taking out the bullet would make it heal faster. There was a period where suffocation was near as he struggled for breath. When Theodore realized that his only brother was dying, he got on the bed beside Vincent and cradled his head in his arms. â€Å"I wish I could pass away like this,† Vincent said. Half an hour later, his last wish was granted. Vincent van Gogh died at 1:30 in the morning, July 29, 1890 (Sweetman 343). James Douglas Morrison was the lead singer in the very popular late 1960’s rock group â€Å"The Doors.† He was born in 1943, and he died in 1971. Geographic Features of A Region Has Important Effects on Development Essayâ€Å"Do You Love Me† on â€Å"Kiss† tribute album Hard to Believe. â€Å"Beeswax† on Kill Rock Stars compilation, August, 1991. â€Å"Return of the Rat† on Eight Songs for Greg Sage and the Wipers, June, 1992. â€Å"Verse, Chorus, Verse† on No Alternative compilation, 1993(Azzerad 357). Before Kurt Cobain actually committed suicide, he attempted it once in a hotel in Rome, Italy, in March of 1994. He fell into a coma after ingesting a reported 50 tablets of Rohypnol, which is a powerful depressant. He was very close to death in the coma, but he came out of it and lived (Azzerad 344). Around April 6, 1994 Kurt Cobain’s mother filed a missing person report on Kurt when he ran away from a California treatment facility. She said that he had bought a shotgun and he may be suicidal. Then, on April 8, 1994, Kurt Cobain was found shot to death in his home in Seattle, Washington. Gary Smith was an electrician who had come to the house of Kurt Cobain, Kurt’s wife Courtney Love, and their daughter Francis Bean Cobain to install a security system, when he found Kurt’s body in the second floor of the garage with a suicide note nearby. Smith called the police, and the police could not identify the body, but they took him to a hospital and a doctor there ident ified the body to be that of Kurt Cobain (Maples 7). Kurt Cobain supposedly had many problems in his life. Some medical problems were an incurable stomach pain, chronic bronchitis, and scoliosis. But, there were many reasons that were theorized for his suicide. He was depressed because:a) His band was on the verge of breaking up. b) His marriage to Courtney Love was â€Å"on the rocks.†But the reason that many of his fans have found believable was the fact that he had re-entered his heroin habit that he had just recently overcome. This was so devastating to him that he just couldn’t take it and took the easiest way out- suicide (Maples 7). These artists all have gone to the extreme of committing suicide. And though many of their works have been exemplary, the endings of their lives definitely were not.

The Keynesian Analysis Of The Demand For free essay sample

Money Essay, Research Paper General Theory? claimed money stock merely of import to the extent that it influenced the i. rate, which led to reverberations ( excite inv. A ; ingestion ) . ? Keynesians ( non K himself ) ? note: pointed to a point where addition in MS would hold no consequence on i. rate A ; hence no consequence on econ in toto. Keynesian Motivations for Money Holding: Motivation for keeping money/cash balances divided in 3 constituent parts: I. ) Transactions. ii. ) Precautionary. ? both income det. three. ) Speculative? one rate det. ? 1. Minutess Motivation: given institutionalised clip slowdowns between reception of factor incomes A ; outgo spendings, a certain sum of money required for normal daily minutess, and existent value of this minutess demand will be closely related to existent income of economy. ? The premise: existent volume of minutess closely related to existent income of economy. ? 2. Precautionary Motive: Cash balances held in instance of unanticipated spendings, basically of a dealing nature ( e. We will write a custom essay sample on The Keynesian Analysis Of The Demand For or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page g. unanticipated medical measure ) . ? Though vary between indivs, sensible to anticipate that in the sum, related to existent income A ; in nominal footings to monetary value level. ? Together? signifier L1. 3. Bad Demand: ( or Asset Demand ) ? for bad fiscal minutess. ? ( To simplify analysis, Keynes assumed being of merely 2 fiscal assets? hard currency A ; consols: involvement bearing, non-redeemable bonds ) . Keynes argued opposite relationship between bond monetary values and involvement rates. ? V. simplified e.g. : say a bond issued for $ 100 paying an one-year voucher of $ 5. ? The effectual rate of involvement consequently 5 % . ? If market rate were subsequently to lift to 10 % , holder of this bond would be able to obtain merely $ 50 when sold? since $ 50 is all that? s needed to give an involvement income of $ 5. ? Equally, had I. rate fallen to 2.5 % , bond? s market value would come close $ 200. ? # 8211 ; Indivs will each hold their ain outlooks of a normal rate of i. rate with which they will anticipate the market rate finally to coincide. # 8211 ; At a high i. rate, indivs will anticipate i. rates to fall and bond monetary values to rise. ? To profit from the rise in bond monetary values indiv.s will utilize their bad balances to purchase bonds. ? Therefore, when i. rates are high, bad balances are low. # 8211 ; At low i. rates, indivs will anticipate i. rates to lift and bond monetary values to fall. ? To avoid the capital losingss associated with a autumn in bond monetary values, indivs will sell their bonds and add to their bad hard currency balances. ? Therefore, when i. rates are low, bad balances will be high. ? # 8211 ; Ultimately, i. rate reached where no one thinks it can travel higher? cosmopolitan outlooks of a autumn ( indicate A in Fig 1b ) ? idle spec hard currency balances zero, as everyone will seek to travel into bonds? in outlook of doing a capital addition. # 8211 ; Ultimately, minimum i. rate such that univ. outlook of a hereafter rise? here no call for bonds with demand for idle balances infinite up to number wealth. ? ( liquidness trap ) # 8211 ; Inverse relationship between rate of involvement and the bad demand for money. ( a ) L1 = Transactions A ; Precautionary MD? ( B ) Speculative MD? ? ? ? ? ? ? ( degree Celsius ) Total MD ( Individual Speculative MD? remainders on premise that indivs have a construct of normal involvement rate: if current market i. rate gt ; normal, outlook that i. rates will fall/bond Ps will rise? so Wholly plus hard currency to purchase bonds? so spec hard currency demand zero. ? If converse, spec hard currency demand space: so implies that indivs either keep hard currency or bonds but non both ) Money Market Equilibrium: # 8211 ; Keynesian theoretical account implies MD increases as i. rates fall. ? Besides implies that increased MS ( Fig 3 ) implies fall in i. rates, which in bend stimulates inv amp ; cons? N spendings, impact magnified by multiplier, ensuing in enlargement of money Nat Inc. ? Whether end product or P addition mostly dependent on unemployed resources/extent of trim capacity. ? But 1 exclusion ( Liquidity trap ) : if i. rates so low that cosmopolitan belief that they? ll rise. ? So no 1 willing to purchase gov. bonds. ? If gov. enlarges MS ( = Money Stock ) , would be no consequence on i. rates ( Fig 4 ) . ? Since money stock at any one clip must be held by person, it would happen its manner into custodies of public. ? But no alteration in income degree, so no desire to add to dealing balances. ? With no desire to buy gov. bonds, merely added to speculative money retentions? implies a minimal restraint on involvement rates. ? # 8211 ; Liquidity Trap? implies powerlessness of Monet pol at a point, where increased Money SK accumulated in idle balances # 8211 ; So K? N Theory suggests that impact of a MS addition will change? ( sometimes cut down i. rates, sometimes non ) , so, unlike trad measure theory, can? t make 1 generalized statement about impact of MS hike. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? i. rates in conventional K? N theory. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? of an hypertrophied MS upon i. rate.

Essay on Masking Poor Communication

Essay on Masking Poor Communication Essay on Masking Poor Communication Essay on Masking Poor CommunicationThe main aims of the assignment are to demonstrate my thoughts on the article â€Å"Masking Poor Communication†, and to use real life example to illustrate them better.The article â€Å"Masking Poor Communication† gave me a new understanding of the issue that miscommunication is a part of human life and that the same words and actions can be understood in different ways by two persons. The article proved that each person has the own way to react and understand the world around; so, miscommunication can negatively impact on relationships between people who are close to each other. According to Dotinga (2011), there exists an opinion that people commonly are sure that it is much easier to communicate with close people that with strangers, but this confidence in the same reactions may lead to the fact that people â€Å"overestimate how well they communicate, a phenomenon we term the closeness- communication bias.†In my own life, th ere was a case of miscommunication with my father. It was several years ago, and it was connected with the fact that we had different views on the same thing. I always considered that the present for birthday should be a surprise; moreover, I was so sure that all people think at the same way that I didn’t ask my father about the present. But, the situation had a bad consequences because my father wanted to receive the one thing and I presented him something quite another, so, he was disappointed by the present. I realized that it is impossible to avoid miscommunication in the future because everything can happen, but I also understood that it is better to ask additional questions and to make the subject of communication more clear than to think that the other person is same to you. Mortensen Ayres (1997) mentioned that all people have their own life experience and were educated in different conditions, so, different points of views are a part of normal communication, and it is always necessary to remember this fact for the purpose to avoid miscommunication with close people.Thus, the moral of the article is to show that nobody can read the thoughts of other person, and taking into account the fact that people can change everyday, we should be ready for these changes and to react on them in fast and adequate way.

49 Unforgettable F. Scott Fitzgerald Quotes

49 Unforgettable F. Scott Fitzgerald Quotes F. Scott Fitzgerald is an American writer known for works like The Great Gatsby and Tender is the Night, along with other novels and short stories. Read 49 quotes from the life and works of F. Scott Fitzgerald. Quotes About Women A letter to his daughter, November 18, 1938 A great social success is a pretty girl who plays her cards as carefully as if she were plain. The Notebooks of F. Scott Fitzgerald Debut: the first time a young girl is seen drunk in public. Tender Is the Night It took him a moment to respond to the unguarded sweetness of her smile, her body calculated to a millimeter to suggest a bud yet guarantee a flower. Quotes About Men The Notebooks of F. Scott Fitzgerald Men get to be a mixture of the charming mannerisms of the women they have known. The Great Gatsby No amount of fire or freshness can challenge what a man will store up in his ghostly heart. This Side of Paradise The idea that to make a man work youve got to hold gold in front of his eyes is a growth, not an axiom. Weve done that for so long that weve forgotten theres any other way. Life and Love The Offshore Pirate, Flappers and Philosophers All life is just a progression toward, and then a recession from, one phrase - I love you. Tender is the Night Either you think - or else others have to think for you and take power from you, pervert and discipline your natural tastes, civilize, and sterilize you. The Great Gatsby Every one suspects himself of at least one of the cardinal virtues. The Notebooks of F. Scott Fitzgerald The kiss originated when the first male reptile licked the first female reptile, implying in a subtle, complimentary way that she was as succulent as the small reptile he had for dinner the night before. The Diamond as Big as the Ritz, Tales of the Jazz Age At any rate, let us love for a while, for a year or so, you and me. Thats a form of divine drunkenness that we can all try. This Side of Paradise There used to be two kinds of kisses. First, when girls were kissed and deserted; second, when they were engaged. Now theres a third kind, where the man is kissed and deserted. If Mr. Jones of the nineties bragged hed kissed a girl, everyone knew he was through with her. If Mr. Jones of 1919 brags the same, everyone knows its because he cant kiss her anymore. On Writing A letter to his daughter All good writing is swimming under water and holding your breath. The Crack-Up Boredom is not an end-product, is comparatively rather an early stage in life and art. Youve got to go by or past or through boredom, as through a filter, before the clear product emerges. A letter to his daughter, April 27, 1940 Often I think writing is a sheer paring away of oneself leaving always something thinner, barer, more meager. A letter to his daughter, August 3, 1940 Poetry is either something that lives like fire inside you - like music to the musician or Marxism to the Communist - or else it is nothing, an empty formalized bore around which pedants can endlessly drone their notes and explanations. The Notebooks of F. Scott Fitzgerald Show me a hero and I will write you a tragedy. When the first-rate author wants an exquisite heroine or a lovely morning, he finds that all the superlatives have been worn shoddy by his inferiors. It should be a rule that bad writers must start with plain heroines and ordinary mornings, and, if they are able, work up to something better. One Hundred False Starts Mostly, we authors must repeat ourselves - thats the truth. We have two or three great moving experiences in our lives - experiences so great and moving that it doesnt seem at the time that anyone else has been so caught up and pounded and dazzled and astonished and beaten and broken and rescued and illuminated and rewarded and humbled in just that way ever before. The Last Tycoon Writers arent people exactly. Or, if theyre any good, theyre a whole lot of people trying so hard to be one person. Its like actors, who try so pathetically not to look in mirrors. Who lean backward trying - only to see their faces in the reflecting chandeliers. Youth and Aging The Diamond as Big as the Ritz, Tales of the Jazz Age Everybodys youth is a dream, a form of chemical madness. The Notebooks of F. Scott Fitzgerald Genius goes around the world in its youth incessantly apologizing for having large feet. What wonder that later in life it should be inclined to raise those feet too swiftly to fools and bores. It is in the 30s that we want friends. In the 40s, we know they wont save us any more than love did. Cavalcade of America Radio Show The man who arrives young believes that he exercises his will because his star is shining. The man who only asserts himself at 30 has a balanced idea of what willpower and fate have each contributed. The one who gets there at 40 is liable to put the emphasis on will alone. The compensation of very early success is a conviction that life is a romantic matter. In the best sense, one stays young. A letter to his cousin Cici After all, life hasnt much to offer except youth, and I suppose for older people, the love of youth in others. Bernice Bobs Her Hair At 18 our convictions are hills from which we look; at 45 they are caves in which we hide. O Russet Witch! The years between 35 and 65 revolve before the passive mind as one unexplained, confusing merry-go-round. True, they are a merry-go-round of ill-gaited and wind-broken horses, painted first in pastel colors, then in dull grays and browns, but perplexing and intolerably dizzy the thing is, as never were the merry-go-rounds of childhood or adolescence; as never, surely, were the certain-coursed, dynamic roller-coasters of youth. For most men and women these 30 years are taken up with a gradual withdrawal from life. Places The Swimmers France was a land, England was a people, but America, having about it still that quality of the idea, was harder to utter - it was the graves at Shiloh and the tired, drawn, nervous faces of its great men, and the country boys dying in the Argonne for a phrase that was empty before their bodies withered. It was a willingness of the heart. Letter, July 29, 1940 Isnt Hollywood a dump - in the human sense of the word. A hideous town pointed up by the insulting gardens of its rich, full of the human spirit at a new low of debasement. Great One-Liners The Notebooks of F. Scott Fitzgerald No grand idea was ever born in a conference, but a lot of foolish ideas have died there. Optimism is the content of small men in high places. An idea ran back and forward in his head like a blind man knocking over the solid furniture. Forgotten is forgiven. You can stroke people with words. A letter to his daughter, September 19, 1938 Nothing is as obnoxious as other peoples luck Notes for The Last Tycoon Action is character. The Great Gatsby Personality is an unbroken series of successful gestures. Sometimes it is harder to deprive oneself of a pain than of a pleasure. The Crack-Up The test of a first-rate intelligence is the ability to hold two opposed ideas in the mind at the same time, and still retain the ability to function. The Beautiful and Damned The victor belongs to the spoils. Society and Culture A letter to his daughter, August 24, 1940 Advertising is a racket, like the movies and the brokerage business. You cannot be honest without admitting that its constructive contribution to humanity is exactly minus zero. This Side of Paradise People try so hard to believe in leaders now, pitifully hard. But we no sooner get a popular reformer or politician or soldier or writer or philosopher - a Roosevelt, a Tolstoi, a Wood, a Shaw, a Nietzsche, than the cross-currents of criticism wash him away. My Lord, no man can stand prominence these days. Its the surest path to obscurity. People get sick of hearing the same name over and over. The Rich Boy Let me tell you about the very rich. They are different from you and me. They possess and enjoy early, and it does something to them, makes them soft where we are hard, and cynical where we are trustful, in a way that, unless you were born rich, it is very difficult to understand. They think, deep in their hearts, that they are better than we are because we had to discover the compensations and refuges of life for ourselves. Even when they enter deep into our world or sink below us, they still think that they are better than we are. They are different. Letter to Ernest Hemingway, August 1936 Riches have never fascinated me, unless combined with the greatest charm or distinction. Babylon Revisited Family quarrels are bitter things. They dont go according to any rules. Theyre not like aches or wounds; theyre more like splits in the skin that wont heal because theres not enough material. The Notebooks of F. Scott Fitzgerald The easiest way to get a reputation is to go outside the fold, shout around for a few years as a violent atheist or a dangerous radical, and then crawl back to the shelter. The Past Show Mr. and Mrs. F. to Number - It is sadder to find the past again and find it inadequate to the present than it is to have it elude you and remain forever a harmonious conception of memory. The Great Gatsby So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past. Sources: Fitzgerald, F. Scott. Selected Letters by F. Scott Fitzgerald. A.B. Rudnev, 2018. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Notebooks of F. Scott Fitzgerald. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, October 1, 1978. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. Flappers and Philosophers. Vintage Classics, Vintage, September 8, 2009. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. Tales of the Jazz Age. Vintage Classics, Vintage, August 10, 2010. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. F. Scott Fitzgerald on One Hundred False Starts. The Saturday Evening Post, March 4, 1933. Various Authors. Cavalcade of America. CBS, 1937. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Swimmers. The Saturday Evening Post, October 19, 1929. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. Babylon Revisited. The Saturday Evening Post, February 21, 1931. Fitzgerald, F. Scott and Zelda. Show Mr. and Mrs. F. to Number - . Esquire, May 1, 1934.

INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN ORGANISATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN ORGANISATION - Essay Example Until present, information itself was not well thought-out as an imperative asset for an organization. The management course of action was thought-out a face-to-face, personal art and not a far-flung, comprehensive coordination course of action. While at the present time, it is extensively acknowledged that understanding information systems is indispensable for managers for the reason that most organizations require information systems to continue to exist and make money (Laudon & Laudon 1999, p.4). The term information system can be described technically as a collection of interconnected components that bring together, process, store, and distribute information to carry decision making and control in an organization (Laudon & Laudon 1999, p.7). In addition to facilitating decision making, coordination, and control, information systems may also facilitate managers and workers evaluate troubles, think about multifarious issues, and produce new products. Information systems include inf ormation about important people, places, and things inside the organization or in the environment surrounding it. In the above context, by information we mean data that have been fashioned into a structure that is understandable and functional to the human beings. On the other hand, data are collection of raw facts representing events occurring in organizations or the physical environment before they have been prepared and arranged into a structure that people can identify and make use of it (Laudon & Laudon 1999, p.7). In its most fundamental type, an information system is a technique that helps people bring together, store, organize, and make use of information (Norton 2001, p.455). Ultimately, the information system is the computer’s basis for being. For the reason that there are numerous types of information and it can be used in countless ways, numerous kinds of information systems have been built. For case in point, it is correct, if we

Understanding public relations theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Understanding public relations theory - Essay Example Change Management Communication In addition, the role of mass media as an agent of communicating organizational intentions and promotion of interest can also not be ignored by organizations. Overall, the understanding and appreciation of the various approaches, theories and other related concepts of public relations is important in tackling of issues or concerns that may arise from daily operations. In response to this, this paper will examine the role of public relations practice in organizations. For applicability, the paper has identified the issue of change management communication in organizations. This will be examined through a selected article about an organization that is likely to be affected by the subject matter of discussions in this paper. The paper will discuss the components of the article that make it a media issue as well as a public relations issue. The article under examination pertains to Boral Company that operates in the building and construction industry. The company’s new chief execu tive having taken the reign in the top leadership has been tasked with a challenge of ensuring that the company’s financial results improve as a result in an economy downfall that has affected the construction industry in which the company operates in. One of the measures that the chief executive has been compelled to take after a 100 day review is through initiating a 700 job cut program targeting management and back office staff. Even though the move is likely to cost the company a massive 60 million dollars, if successfully implemented it has been projected to result to an annual saving of about 90 million dollars. However, the major issue that arises from this situation is that of how to effectively manage this drastic change especially by communicating the intended purposes and criteria for such changes to the stakeholders of the company that will be largely affected by this decision (Hayes, 2006). Consequently, the main purpose of the following discussions will be to an alyze the contributions that public relations, which can be stated to be constituted of communication with external and internal publics, and communication management, can make in managing organizational change during an employee retrenchment exercise. The framework that will be used to analyze the situation at Boral will be in terms of a dual examination of the issue in terms of being a media as well as a public relations issue. To begin, as a media issue, the organization needs to be prepared to tackle several issues so that the image of the firm remains intact in the eyes of the public. The media plays a major role in shaping opinions and the issue of job cuts proposed by the new chief executive can result into an image backlash if not well handled. It is the job of the public relations professionals and the department in charge of the area affected, in this case the board of governors through the chief executive officer and to some extent the human resources, to learn the facts and information needed, and communicate it to the targeted audiences in a timely and effective manner. The organization's reputation and credibility with external and internal audience is at stake. This is because tackling the issue of job cuts at a time when the economy is hard an issue for the whole nation is a sensitive and important issue. Whatever is communicated internally and externally will remain forever on

Frankenstein Essay Example for Free

Frankenstein Essay Within the story of Mary Shelley’s, Frankenstein, we meet a character who comes head on with the advancements of science and the evolution of man. Victor Frankenstein is obsessed with the idea of creating life. He struggles with his own intelligence and the morality of the society around him. He is continuously bothered by the accepted laws of nature. The significance of his statement, â€Å"Destiny was too potent, and her immutable laws had decreed my utter and terrible destruction† he finally realizes that his efforts to create and sustain life were no match for the powers of nature. It is upon returning to school after the near death of Elizabeth and the death of his mother that he becomes obsessed with creating life. Victor makes the statement â€Å"I will pioneer a new way, explore unknown powers, and unfold to the world the deepest mysteries of creation†. (pg 33) This after hearing a lecture of modern chemistry by Professor M. Waldman. Over a period of time Victor collected a series of body parts from graveyards to assemble in a new human form. With his knowledge of chemistry, biology and anatomy he reanimated his creation into an eight- foot monster. After bringing life to his eight foot creation, Victor realizes he should not have gone against the laws of nature. Victor is horrified to realize his creation has murdered his brother William. Victor cannot explain his creation and its evilness to his family without them thinking he is mentally ill. Victor nearly goes mad with the realization that because of his creature, his brother is killed. Falsely accused of Williams’s murder, Justine is executed after hard evidence unfolds upon her. Because of his obsession of creating life, he has taken life away. In his depression, Victor decides that his creature must be found and destroyed. Natures Laws should not have been toyed with. Victor sets out on an expedition in the mountains and finds the monster. To his surprise the monster seems to be intelligent and refined, but the monster has resentment of Victor for having been sent out on his own with no one to teach or nurture him. It was because of the monsters resentment that ultimately William and Justine were killed. Victor’s scientific ambition consumed his life. To go against the Law of Nature to prove that man can create life. Mental and physical setbacks plagued Victor while dealing with the reality of his creation. He suffers because his passion for creating life has taken away those around him that he loved. The significance of his statement, â€Å"Destiny was too potent, and her immutable laws had decreed my utter and terrible destruction† he finally realizes that his efforts to create and sustain life were no match for the powers of nature.

Media, Sports, Athletes, and the Health of Children Essay examples --

"Image is nothing, thirst is everything." This is a slogan used by the soft drink Sprite. It tells a consumer not to buy a product because of the labeling, packaging, or the way it is presented, but to instead buy it because it tastes good. This seems to be an honest and open statement, not what you would expect to hear in an advertisement. Ironically though, just before this slogan flashes on the screen, Kobe Bryant and Grant Hill, two of the NBA's rising starts, are shown talking about how wonderful Sprite is. This slogan contradicts what the rest of the advertisement says, and it contradicts what the advertisement industry tries to do in general. The use of sports icons in advertisements for the food industry, especially those directed towards children, is far from uncommon. Children are led to believe that the health and abilities of the superstars in the commercials will be transferred to them if they use a certain product. This is detrimental to children. Commercials advertising food can be seen on television all the time. The advertising industry is always trying to make one food look better than another does. Often, using professional athlete endorsements does this. At any given time there is at least two professional sports season in session. By using current stars and heroes from those sports to promote their foods, companies try to increase their sales. In the Sprite commercial, Bryant and Hill drink Sprite both on and off the court. After drinking the Sprite, they get a burst of energy, and are able to blow by the opponent and score. A child who is watching television will recognize the two athletes, and tend to watch the rest of the commercial. After seeing how well... ... bad. "Milk Mustache" advertisements are one exapmle of how rpofessional athletes use their influence upon children in a positive way. Milk is an important part of our diet. The milk mustache really catches the eye, and makes the viewer pay attention. This kind of advertisement is beneficial to the children that see it. It promotes a drink that is an integral part of growing children as well as athletes. Unfortunately, the majority of commercials involving athletes are of the latter kind. Children look up to the superstars of today's sports world. They are the children's heroes. What is presented to the viewer in commercials, is misleading. Sports stars need to be more concious of what they are endorsing. To be an athlete, healthy eating is a must. The advertisements and professional athletes today, do not promote or support this. Media, Sports, Athletes, and the Health of Children Essay examples -- "Image is nothing, thirst is everything." This is a slogan used by the soft drink Sprite. It tells a consumer not to buy a product because of the labeling, packaging, or the way it is presented, but to instead buy it because it tastes good. This seems to be an honest and open statement, not what you would expect to hear in an advertisement. Ironically though, just before this slogan flashes on the screen, Kobe Bryant and Grant Hill, two of the NBA's rising starts, are shown talking about how wonderful Sprite is. This slogan contradicts what the rest of the advertisement says, and it contradicts what the advertisement industry tries to do in general. The use of sports icons in advertisements for the food industry, especially those directed towards children, is far from uncommon. Children are led to believe that the health and abilities of the superstars in the commercials will be transferred to them if they use a certain product. This is detrimental to children. Commercials advertising food can be seen on television all the time. The advertising industry is always trying to make one food look better than another does. Often, using professional athlete endorsements does this. At any given time there is at least two professional sports season in session. By using current stars and heroes from those sports to promote their foods, companies try to increase their sales. In the Sprite commercial, Bryant and Hill drink Sprite both on and off the court. After drinking the Sprite, they get a burst of energy, and are able to blow by the opponent and score. A child who is watching television will recognize the two athletes, and tend to watch the rest of the commercial. After seeing how well... ... bad. "Milk Mustache" advertisements are one exapmle of how rpofessional athletes use their influence upon children in a positive way. Milk is an important part of our diet. The milk mustache really catches the eye, and makes the viewer pay attention. This kind of advertisement is beneficial to the children that see it. It promotes a drink that is an integral part of growing children as well as athletes. Unfortunately, the majority of commercials involving athletes are of the latter kind. Children look up to the superstars of today's sports world. They are the children's heroes. What is presented to the viewer in commercials, is misleading. Sports stars need to be more concious of what they are endorsing. To be an athlete, healthy eating is a must. The advertisements and professional athletes today, do not promote or support this.

Food and Religion Essay

Food is a very important aspect in three main religions in the world, Judaism, Islam and Christianity. In a Jewish culture, food is often regarded in feasts or celebration such as the Passover. Jews usually prepare bread, wine, apples, nuts, cinnamon, eggs, lamb, vegetables, and cakes (McGilly, 2005). Islamic culture and Jewish cultures have almost the same type of cuisine and foods prepared especially during the early periods. Milk, lamb, breads, wine, apples, cheese, honey and dates are some of the common Arab foods. On the other hand, Christians are known for their bread and wine. Jerusalem, Egypt, and Middle East are in a desert region where early people lived as shepherds. They are called nomads because they move from place to place where there is plenty of food for their goats and herds of sheep. Wheat and barley were the common crops then used in making bread and cakes. Besides the nomads, there are also agricultural regions where different crops are planted. The plants by the early and present Israelites are much the same such as olives, honey, pomegranates, figs, date, grapes; and foods and beverages such as breads, cheese, yogurt, roast lamb, milk, and of course, wine. Wine is the most common beverage drank in occasions such as the Passover and wedding. Another major plant is the olive tree which is highly regarded because of its many uses such as oil for cooking, wood for fire, and medicine (â€Å"Great Feasts of the Bible,† 2002). Foods are the main ingredient in Jewish and Christian feasts such as the Passover. Passover is celebrated as the salvation of the Israelite slaves in Egypt. During the Passover, unleavened, roasted lamb, and bitter herbs are commonly prepared. Passover is celebrated in other regions as Easter (Christian festival) in America and Europe. Although celebrated in different dates and regarded as different occasions, they share a theme for both Christian holiday and Christ’s resurrection. Passover was also celebrated by Jesus Christ as his Last Supper before his death (â€Å"Great Feasts of the Bible,† 2002). REFERENCES: Great Feasts of the Bible. (2002). McGilly, J. (2005). Jewish Foods. Retrieved 16 September, 2007, from http://www. ilperetz. org/graduates/joshua_mcgilly. htm

Marketing the public libraries

This website bases its maps from the surveys conducted by the 2005 American community survey (http://www. nkca. ucla. edu). It explains what the survey is about which is to collect housing, demographic and socioeconomic data. This is done from the US households. The website highlights the fact that the American Community Survey (ACS) replaced the decennial census. It also points out that the ACS is more advantageous than the decennial census because it is conducted every year instead of every ten years (http://www. nkca. ucla. edu).The website also makes known the year that ACS was implemented which is 2005. It goes ahead to name those who were involved in the pilot project that involved special tabulations of geographies. It also notes that the center for neighborhood knowledge ensures that the knowledge is availed to the public. It also highlights the uses of the data gotten by the ACS and this includes developing as well as refining policies and also programs, supplement the data gotten from other sources and also to help in identifying the needs of the community and also prioritizing these needs.ACS has a vision of working with the Bureau of the Census to annually update their information. Albright K. S. May/June 2004 ENVIROMENTAL SCANNING RADAR FOR SUCCESS Information Management Journal Summary In this journal, the writer starts off by noting the importance of success in any organization. Albright goes ahead to explain what environmental scanning is and why it is done. She identifies the relationship that is found among the environment, markets and strategic planning in an organization.Once an organization has looked into its internal environment, it then looks at the external environment. The writer goes ahead and gives the reasons for this environmental scanning which are to â€Å"focus on customers, suppliers and competitors and their intricate relationships†(Albright K. S. 2004). There is an explanation of how environmental scanning works. It co nducts a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis. This helps the organization in analyzing the community, which is the environment, and also helps it know how to advertise their services.The writer ends by identifying any barriers to effective environmental scanning. Marketing Plan 1. Kassel, A. 1999. How to Write a Marketing Plan (Vol. 13 no. 5). Retrieved on 13th Sept 2007 from http://infotoday. com/mls/jun99/how-to. htm Summary In this volume, Kassel identifies why the libraries have been forced to go for marketing in the effort to increase their amount of money they make and also their client base. This is because their biggest competitor is the Internet, which is deemed more convenient by students and researchers.The writer goes ahead to identify and outline seven steps that are necessary in the creation of a marketing plan. She outlines them in the following sequence: â€Å"prepare a mission statement, list and describe target or niche markets, descri be your services, spell out marketing and promotional strategies, identify and understand the competition, establish marketing goals that are quantifiable and finally monitor your results carefully†(http://infotoday. com).She goes ahead to give some tips and hints to those who are new to marketing. She urges them to concentrate on getting long-term customers, know why customers come back, to be focused on their targets and not waste their efforts with non-targets, to be persistent and prepared and finally to be never afraid of failure as it is bound to happen and when it does, the strategy used needs to be changed. The writer ends by assuming that this outline is actually a success plan. 2. Summey T.P If You Build it Will They Come? Creating a Marketing Plan for Distance Learning Library Services- 2004. The Haworth Press Inc. In this volume, Summey acknowledges the importance of people especially the distant students and also the â€Å"brand identity† which refers to a lot including services provided by the library in the expansion of library services people’s importance in the success of library services expansion (Summey, 2004). The writer goes ahead to explain what is a marketing plan and how it is created.The writer also identifies the objective of a marketing plan as being identification of marketing issues, development of goals and finally how to measure progress. The budget is also included in the plan; the plan is to consist of â€Å"the mission statement, library or community analysis, goals and objectives, marketing strategy and methods to evaluate results† (Summey, 2004). The plan is to begin with an executive summary, the table of content, a SEDT analysis, a description of the market, mission and vision, goals and objectives, implementation and finally assessment and evaluation.

buy custom Arguments for Marijuana Legalization essay

buy custom Arguments for Marijuana Legalization essay Freedom The most primary and first reason as to why marijuana should be legalized is that each individual has the right to choose for themselves. From a philosophical perspective, people have the right to choice. The authorities have the right to regulate these choices only if the action of an individual endangers another person. Marijuana use is at the free will of a person and therefore restricting marijuana use is invading the right to choice. In addition, the authorities also have the right to restrict a person if his/her actions pose a considerable threat to that him/herself. However, this argument does not apply to marijuana use as it is far less hazardous as compared to other drugs which are legal such as tobacco and alcohol (Parloff 50). In addition, legalization will promote religious freedom. Similar to how Judaists and Christians use wine on some occasions, Rastafarians, Buddhists, and Hindus use marijuana on some occasions as part of religious and spiritual ceremonies. Legalization will therefore allow these religions to practice their ceremonies freely; this is conformance with the amendment that allows free exercise of religion in the American constitution. High cost of illegalizing marijuana use If marijuana was legalized, it would save the government a lot of effort and resources used in fighting marijuana. Considerable effort and resources are used in the prohibition of cultivation and use of the drug. For instance, thermal imaging devices are used to identify hot lighting, and examination of waste matter and trash. In addition, governments usually analyze purchases made with credit cards in attempting to trace purchases of hydroponic devices, and also examination of energy bills so as to identify usage trends of growers of marijuana. In America, states spend billions of dollars at all levels in their war on drugs. This money is spent in prosecuting individuals who are imprisoned, and the tax payers have to pay for their court costs, attorney fees, healthcare, housing, and food. These costs could save the governments a lot of money (Klein 3) Revenue from taxing marijuana The legalization of marijuana can yield a lot of revenue in terms of tax. The government will generate a lot of revenue which can be directed into more important causes. It is approximated that the cultivation of marijuana in California has the potential of yielding about $1.4 billion in taxes in this state alone. Additionally, this would have a positive economic impact as it would generate many jobs in advertising, marketing, packaging, and agriculture (Gieringer 46). Medicinal use of marijuana Marijuana has numerous medical benefits; importantly it is used by patients who are undergoing chemotherapy to alleviate pain and relieve nausea. It is also used by patients suffering from depression. Marijuana is also used to increase appetite for patients with AIDS. The failure of prohibition The prohibition of marijuana has failed because it does not in any way help a country; in fact it causes many problems. There has been no conclusive evidence to show that the ban on marijuana decreases its use, theories have even suggested that prohibition can even increase the use of marijuana. In spite of the efforts and resources used in prohibition, marijuana is becoming more potent, cheaper, and accessible. In American high schools, the drug is becoming very popular because it is readily available. Being illegal, it is even easier for students to get marijuana as opposed to getting alcohol, as alcohol is legal and this means that it is regulated for such students. An effective approach to reduce the consumption of drugs would be to concentrate on honest and open programs (Armentano, Tvert and Fox 196) Buy custom Arguments for Marijuana Legalization essay

Women of the Black Arts Movement

Women of the Black Arts Movement The Black Arts Movement began in the 1960s and lasted through the 1970s. The movement was founded by Amiri Baraka (Leroi Jones) following the assassination of Malcolm X in 1965. Literary critic Larry Neal argues that the Black Arts Movement was the â€Å"aesthetic and spiritual sister of Black Power.† Like the Harlem Renaissance, the Black Arts Movement was an important literary and artistic movement that influenced African-American thought. During this time period, several African-American publishing companies, theaters, journals, magazines, and institutions were established. The contributions of African-American women during the Black Arts Movement cannot be ignored as many explored themes such as racism, sexism, social class, and capitalism. Sonia Sanchez Wilsonia Benita Driver was born on September 9, 1934, in Birmingham. Following the death of her mother, Sanchez lived with her father in New York City. In 1955, Sanchez earned a bachelor’s in political science from Hunter College (CUNY). As a college student, Sanchez began writing poetry and developed a writer’s workshop in lower Manhattan. Working with Nikki Giovanni, Haki R. Madhubuti, and Etheridge Knight, Sanchez formed the â€Å"Broadside Quartet.† Throughout her career as a writer, Sanchez has published more than 15 collections of poetry including Morning Haiku  (2010); Shake Loose My Skin: New and Selected Poems  (1999); Does Your House Have Lions? (1995); Homegirls Handgrenades  (1984); I’ve Been a Woman: New and Selected Poems  (1978); A Blues Book for Blue Black Magical Women  (1973); Love Poems  (1973); We a BaddDDD People  (1970); and Homecoming  (1969). Sanchez has also published several plays including Black Cats Back and Uneasy Landings  (1995), I’m Black When I’m Singing, I’m Blue When I Ain’t  (1982),  Malcolm Man/Don’t Live Here No Mo’ (1979), Uh Huh: But How Do It Free Us?  (1974), Dirty Hearts ‘72  (1973), The Bronx Is Next  (1970), and  Sister Son/ji  (1969). A children’s book author, Sanchez has written A Sound Investment and Other Stories  (1979), The Adventures of Fat Head, Small Head, and Square Head  (1973), and It’s a New Day: Poems for Young Brothas and Sistuhs  (1971). Sanchez is a retired college professor who resides in Philadelphia. Audre Lorde Writer Joan Martin argues in Black Women Writers (1950-1980): A Critical Evaluation that Audre Lorde’s work â€Å"rings with passion, sincerity, perception, and depth of feeling.† Lorde was born in New York City to Caribbean parents. Her first poem was published in Seventeen magazine. Throughout her career, Lorde published in several collections including  New York Head Shop and Museum  (1974),  Coal  (1976),  and The Black Unicorn (1978). Her poetry often reveals themes dealing with love, and lesbian relationships. As a self-described â€Å"black, lesbian, mother, warrior, poet,† Lorde explores social injustices such as racism, sexism, and homophobia in her poetry and prose. Lorde died in 1992. bell hooks bell hooks was born Gloria Jean Watkins  on September 25, 1952, in Kentucky. Early in her career as a writer, she began using the pen name bell hooks in honor of her maternal great-grandmother, Bell Blair Hooks. Most of hooks’ work explores the connection between race, capitalism, and gender. Through her prose, Hooks argues that gender, race, and capitalism all work together to oppress and dominate people in society. Throughout her career, hooks has published more than thirty books, including the noted Ain’t I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism in 1981. In addition, she has published articles in scholarly journals and mainstream publications. She appears in documentaries and films as well. hooks notes that her greatest influences have been abolitionist Sojourner Truth along with Paulo Freire and Martin Luther King, Jr. hooks is a Distinguished Professor of English at the City College of the City University of New York. Sources Evans, Mari. Black Women Writers (1950-1980): A Critical Evaluation. Paperback, 1 edition, Anchor, August 17, 1984. Hooks, Bell. Ain’t I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism. 2 Edition, Routledge, October 16, 2014.

Reading response of the reading identities and social locations Essay

Reading response of the reading identities and social locations - Essay Example The part of my identity that I underplay is physical characteristics. If my idea is tied with the way, I look. Basing my self-worth and identity is a monumental bad idea. This is because if I gain weight, there is no way I will be happy. If I have something that I believe is ugly, it will lower my self-esteem. My people are the people I identify with. People that have characteristics similar to mine, we have common interests and we are all equal, no one feels stronger than the other in any aspect does. I refer Chinese in America as my people. Home according to me is a physical place or an emotion that gives me a sense of belonging, here I identify with each other, and we can share affiliations ((Okazawa-Rey & Gwyn, 110). A social location is a point where all characteristics of my identity meet. It determines the privileges I can have and situations, which are beyond my control. My social location is Chinese, educated class, female, heterosexual, and studying in America. From the dimensions in the social location, the social dimensions that provide privilege and power is class and education. While the dimension that provides less power and disadvantage is race, and sexual orientation. Most white privilege bearers try to do their best in looking out and avoiding ways of helping them get ahead of life. It is not a simple task, this is because education has helped them in recognizing the privileges, and therefore, their understanding has not been with them for their entire life. According to my understanding, for one to be equity activist, they have to dismantle the system that favors some people for no go reason than the social group members (Okazawa-Rey & Gwyn,

Write essay on the methodological approach(es) that you are likely to

Write on the methodological approach(es) that you are likely to use in your research and the practical or theoretical problems that your research is likely to address - Essay Example The profiles of China and USA will be put under scrutiny to answer the research question. Globalization and world economy research seeks to g how address the way politics and economy affect each other. The Korean economy features a practical society-based problem where there is a large gap between rich and poor while the economy is weighted against technological companies. The aim of the study is to find out the unfair policies that result in unequal distribution of wealth among Koreans. International trade has brought noteworthy discrepancies between develop and developing countries and has resulted in more damage than repair of the economic dilemma in the latter. According to Smelter and Reed (p. 248), countries cannot face economic predicaments alone and for that reason they enter into trade relations with each other. The inequities between countries will be put into perspective though thorough

Chinese Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chinese - Essay Example ined the expertise to use gunpowder and heavy fighting engines which helped them to defeat the song and Jin emperors which were known to be the most powerful and experienced dynasties. Large armies; Yuan dynasty ensured that it had a large army when they were about to attack a territory this give them maximum chances of success in their attacked it also scared away other dynasty from attacking them Discriminations; This dynasty was made up foreigners who did not allowed the natives to hold any position in the government .With nobility not allowed to hold government office they ventured in education ,this made them to be better educated and thus they open private schools and refused to teach in government institution. Zhu Yuanzhang established Ming dynasty in 1368. The reason for this was the rebellion against the yuan dynast, which is said to have brought great famine, drought, flooding, bubonic plague among other natural disasters. This was as a result of what was believed as loosing mandate of heaven Trade; As a way of supporting this dynasty free trade was encouraged majorly with European with which the merchant class and the peasant farmers became very rich, got the education, and entered into government. They used hard currency and later due to inflation, adopted gold and silver as the most efficient means of exchange (Chris). Repression tactics: in order to remain in power after sensing rebellion, laws were enacted to make it official that it would capital offence for any one of within the clan or an official in an office to criticize the emperor. To enforce these laws, many officials were sacked, corruption cases increased, a secret police was established to torture and killed many citizens. Superstition: Natural calamities, such as famine, Drought, flooding Plague, climatic change and rebellion were termed as signs of losing the mandate of Heaven therefore the leader was supposed to be overthrown and his kingdom taken Suppression of some

Compression Techniques used for Medical Image

Compression Techniques used for Medical Image 1.1 Introduction Image compression is an important research issue over the last years. A several techniques and methods have been presented to achieve common goals to alter the representation of information of the image sufficiently well with less data size and high compression rates. These techniques can be classified into two categories, lossless and lossy compression techniques. Lossless techniques are applied when data are critical and loss of information is not acceptable such as Huffman encoding, Run Length Encoding (RLE), Lempel-Ziv-Welch coding (LZW) and Area coding. Hence, many medical images should be compressed by lossless techniques. On the other hand, Lossy compression techniques such as Predictive Coding (PC), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Vector Quantization (VQ) more efficient in terms of storage and transmission needs but there is no warranty that they can preserve the characteristics needed in medical image processing and diagnosis [1-2]. Data compression is the process that transform data files into smaller ones this process is effective for storage and transmission. It presents the information in a digital form as binary sequences which hold spatial and statistical redundancy. The relatively high cost of storage and transmission makes data compression worthy. Compression is considered necessary and essential key for creating image files with manageable and transmittable sizes [3]. The basic goal of image compression is to reduce the bit rate of an image to decrease the capacity of the channel or digital storage memory requirements; while maintaining the important information in the image [4]. The bit rate is measured in bits per pixel (bpp). Almost all methods of image compression are based on two fundamental principles: The first principle is to remove the redundancy or the duplication from the image. This approach is called redundancy reduction. The second principle is to remove parts or details of the image that will not be noticed by the user. This approach is called irrelevancy reduction. Image compression methods are based on either redundancy reduction or irrelevancy reduction separately while most compression methods exploit both. While in other methods they cannot be easily separated [2]. Several image compression techniques encode transformed image data instead of the original images [5]-[6]. In this thesis, an approach is developed to enhance the performance of Huffman compression coding a new hybrid lossless image compression technique that combines between lossless and lossy compression which named LPC-DWT-Huffman (LPCDH) technique is proposed to maximize compression so that threefold compression can be obtained. The image firstly passed through the LPC transformation. The waveform transformation is then applied to the LPC output. Finally, the wavelet coefficients are encoded by the Huffman coding. Compared with both Huffman, LPC- Huffman and DWT-Huffman (DH) techniques; our new model is as maximum compression ratio as that before. However, this is still needed for more work especially with the advancement of medical imaging systems offering high resolution and video recording. Medical images come in the front of diagnostic, treatment and fellow up of different diseases. Therefore, nowadays, many hospitals around the world are routinely using medical image processing a nd compression tools. 1.1.1 Motivations Most hospitals store medical image data in digital form using picture archiving and communication systems due to extensive digitization of data and increasing telemedicine use. However, the need for data storage capacity and transmission bandwidth continues to exceed the capability of available technologies. Medical image processing and compression have become an important tool for diagnosis and treatment of many diseases so we need a hybrid technique to compress medical image without any loss in image information which important for medical diagnosis. 1.1.2 Contributions Image compression plays a critical role in telemedicine. It is desired that either single images or sequences of images be transmitted over computer networks at large distances that they could be used in a multitude of purposes. The main contribution of the research is aim to compress medical image to be small size, reliable, improved and fast to facilitate medical diagnosis performed by many medical centers. 1.2 Thesis Organization The thesis is organized into six chapters, as following: Chapter 2 Describes the basic background on the image compression technique including lossless and lossy methods and describes the types of medical images Chapter 3 Provides a literature survey for medical image compression. Chapter 4 Describes LPC-DWT-Huffman (proposed methods) algorithm implementation. The objective is to achieve a reasonable compression ratio as well as better quality of reproduction of image with a low power consumption. Chapter 5 Provides simulation results of compression of several medical images and compare it with other methods using several metrics. Chapter 6 Provides some drawn conclusions about this work and some suggestions for the future work. Appendix A Provides Huffman example and comparison between the methods for the last years. Appendix B Provides the Matlab Codes Appendix C Provides various medical image compression using LPCDH. 1.3 Introduction Image compression is the process of obtaining a compact representation of an image while maintaining all the necessary information important for medical diagnosis. The target of the Image compression is to reduce the image size in bytes without effects on the quality of the image. The decrease in image size permits images to save memory space. The image compression methods are generally categorized into two central types: Lossless and Lossy methods. The major objective of each type is to rebuild the original image from the compressed one without affecting any of its numerical or physical values [7]. Lossless compression also called noiseless coding that the original image can perfectly recover each individual pixel value from the compressed (encoded) image but have low compression rate. Lossless compression methods are often based on redundancy reduction which uses statistical decomposition techniques to eliminate or remove the redundancy (duplication) in the original image. Lossless Image coding is also important in applications where no information loss is allowed during compression. Due to the cost, it is used only for a few applications with stringent requirements such as medical imaging [8-9]. In lossy compression techniques there are a slight loss of data but high compression ratio. The original and reconstructed images are not perfectly matched. However, practically near to each other, this difference is represented as a noise. Data loss may be unacceptable in many applications so that it must be lossless. In medical images compression that use lossless techniques do not give enough advantages in transmission and storage and the compression that use lossy techniques may lose critical data required for diagnosis [10]. This thesis presents a combination of lossy and lossless compression to get high compressed image without data loss. 1.4 Lossless Compression If the data have been lossless compressed, the original data can be exactly reconstructed from the compressed data. This is generally used for many applications that cannot allow any variations between the original and reconstructed data. The types of lossless compression can be analyzed in Figure 2.1. Figure 2.1: lossless compression Run Length Encoding Run length encoding, also called recurrence coding, is one of the simplest lossless data compression algorithms. It is based on the idea of encoding a consecutive occurrence of the same symbol. It is effective for data sets that are consist of long sequences of a single repeated character [50]. This is performed by replacing a series of repeated symbols with a count and the symbol. That is, RLE finds the number of repeated symbols in the input image and replaces them with two-byte code. The first byte for the number and the second one is for the symbol. For a simple illustrative example, the string AAAAAABBBBCCCCC is encoded as A6B4C5; that saves nine bytes (i.e. compression ratio =15/6=5/2). However in some cases there is no much consecutive repeation which reduces the compression ratio. An illustrative example, the original data 12000131415000000900, the RLE encodes it to 120313141506902 (i.e. compression ratio =20/15=4/3). Moreover if the data is random the RLE may fail to achieve any compression ratio [30]-[49]. Huffman encoding It is the most popular lossless compression technique for removing coding redundancy. The Huffman encoding starts with computing the probability of each symbol in the image. These symbols probabilities are sorted in a descending order creating leaf nodes of a tree. The Huffman code is designed by merging the lowest probable symbols producing a new probable, this process is continued until only two probabilities of two last symbols are left. The code tree is obtained and Huffman codes are formed from labelling the tree branch with 0 and 1 [9]. The Huffman codes for each symbol is obtained by reading the branch digits sequentially from the root node to the leaf. Huffman code procedure is based on the following three observations: 1) More frequently(higher probability) occurred symbols will have shorter code words than symbol that occur less frequently. 2) The two symbols that occur least frequently will have the same length code. 3) The Huffman codes are variable length code and prefix code. For more indication Huffman example is presented in details in Appendix (A-I). The entropy (H) describes the possible compression for the image in bit per pixel. It must be noted that, there arent any possible compression ratio smaller than entropy. The entropy of any image is calculated as the average information probability [12]. (2.1) Where Pk is the probability of symbols, k is the intensity value, and L is the number of intensity values used to present image. The average code length is given by the sum of product of probability of the symbol and number of bits used to encode it. More information can be founded in [13-14] and the Huffman code efficiency is calculated as (2.2) LZW coding LZW (Lempel- Ziv Welch) is given by J. Ziv and A. Lempel in 1977 [51].T. Welchs refinements to the algorithm were published in 1984 [52]. LZW compression replaces strings of characters with single codes. It does not do any analysis of the input text. But, it adds every new string of characters to a table of strings. Compression occurs when the output is a single code instead of a string of characters. LZW is a dictionary based coding which can be static or dynamic. In static coding, dictionary is fixed during the encoding and decoding processes. In dynamic coding, the dictionary is updated. LZW is widely used in computer industry and it is implemented as compress command on UNIX [30]. The output code of that the LZW algorithm can be any arbitrary length, but it must have more bits than a single character. The first 256 codes are by default assigned to the standard character set. The remaining codes are assigned to strings as the algorithm proceeds. There are three best-known applications of LZW: UNIX compress (file compression), GIF image compression, and V.42 bits (compression over Modems) [50]. Area coding Area coding is an enhanced form of RLE. This is more advance than the other lossless methods. The algorithms of area coding find rectangular regions with the same properties. These regions are coded into a specific form as an element with two points and a certain structure. This coding can be highly effective but it has the problem of a nonlinear method, which cannot be designed in hardware [9]. 1.5 Lossy Compression Lossy Compression techniques deliver greater compression percentages than lossless ones. But there are some loss of information, and the data cannot be reconstructed exactly. In some applications, exact reconstruction is not necessary. The lossy compression methods are given in Figure 2.2. In the following subsections, several Lossy compression techniques are reviewed: Figure 2.2: lossy compression Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) Wavelet analysis have been known as an efficient approach to representing data (signal or image). The Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) depends on filtering the image with high-pass filter and low-pass filter.in the first stage The image is filtered row by row (horizontal direction) with two filters and and down sampling (keep the even indexed column) every samples at the filter outputs. This produces two DWT coefficients each of size N ÃÆ'-N/2. In the second stage, the DWT coefficients of the filter are filtered column by column (vertical direction) with the same two filters and keep the even indexed row and subsampled to give two other sets of DWT coefficients of each size N/2ÃÆ'-N/2. The output is defined by approximation and detailed coefficients as shown in Figure 2.3. Figure 2.3: filter stage in 2D DWT [15]. LL coefficients: low-pass in the horizontal direction and lowpass in the vertical direction. HL coefficients: high-pass in the horizontal direction and lowpass in the vertical direction, thus follow horizontal edges more than vertical edges. LH coefficients: high-pass in the vertical direction and low-pass in the horizontal direction, thus follow vertical edges than horizontal edges. HH coefficients: high-pass in the horizontal direction and high-pass in the vertical direction, thus preserve diagonal edges. Figure 2.4 show the LL, HL, LH, and HH when one level wavelet is applied to brain image. It is noticed that The LL contains, furthermore all information about the image while the size is quarter of original image size if we disregard the HL, LH, and HH three detailed coefficients shows horizontal, vertical and diagonal details. The Compression ratio increases when the number of wavelet coefficients that are equal zeroes increase. This implies that one level wavelet can provide compression ratio of four [16]. Figure 2.4: Wavelet Decomposition applied on a brain image. The Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) of a sequence consists of two series expansions, one is to the approximation and the other to the details of the sequence. The formal definition of DWT of an N-point sequence x [n], 0 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ n à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ N à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1 is given by [17]: (2.3) (2.4) (2.5) Where Q (n1 ,n2) is approximated signal, E(n1 ,n2) is an image, WQ (j,k1,k2) is the approximation DWT and W µ (j,k1,k2) is the detailed DWT where i represent the direction index (vertical V, horizontal H, diagonal D) [18]. To reconstruct back the original image from the LL (cA), HL (cD(h)), LH (cD(v)), and HH (cD(d)) coefficients, the inverse 2D DWT (IDWT) is applied as shown in Figure 2.5. Figure 2.5: one level inverse 2D-DWT [19]. The equation of IDWT that reconstruct the image E () is given by [18]: (2.6) DWT has different families such as Haar and Daupachies (db) the compression ratio can vary from wavelet type to another depending which one can represented the signal in fewer number coefficients. Predictive Coding (PC) The main component of the predictive coding method is the Predictor which exists in both encoder and decoder. The encoder computes the predicted value for a pixel, denote xˆ (n), based on the known pixel values of its neighboring pixels. The residual error, which is the difference value between the actual value of the current pixel x (n) and x ˆ (n) the predicted one. This is computed for all pixels. The residual errors are then encoded by any encoding scheme to generate a compressed data stream [21]. The residual errors must be small to achieve high compression ratio. e (n) = x (n) xˆ (n)(2.7) e (n) =x(n) (2.8) Where k is the pixel order and ÃŽÂ ± is a value between 0 and 1 [20]. The decoder also computes the predicted value of the current pixel xˆ  (n) based on the previously decoded color values of neighboring pixels using the same method as the encoder. The decoder decodes the residual error for the current pixel and performs the inverse operation to restore the value of the current pixel [21]. x (n) = e (n) + xˆ  (n)(2.9) Linear predictive coding (LPC) The techniques of linear prediction have been applied with great success in many problems of speech processing. The success in processing speech signals suggests that similar techniques might be useful in modelling and coding of 2-D image signals. Due to the extensive computation required for its implementation in two dimensions, only the simplest forms of linear prediction have received much attention in image coding [22]. The schemes of one dimensional predictors make predictions based only on the value of the previous pixel on the current line as shown in equation. Z = X D(2.10) Where Z denotes as output of predictor and X is the current pixel and D is the adjacent pixel. The two dimensional prediction scheme based on the values of previous pixels in a left-to-right, top-to-bottom scan of an image. In Figure 2.6 X denotes the current pixel and A, B, C and D are the adjacent pixels. If the current pixel is the top leftmost one, then there is no prediction since there are no adjacent pixels and no prior information for prediction [21]. Figure 2.6: Neighbor pixels for predicting Z = x (B + D)(2.11) Then, the residual error (E), which is the difference between the actual value of the current pixel (X) and the predicted one (Z) is given by the following equation. E = X Z(2.12) Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) The Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) was first proposed by N. Ahmed [57]. It has been more and more important in recent years [55]. The DCT is similar to the discrete Fourier transform that transforms a signal or image from the spatial domain to the frequency domain as shown in Figure 2.7. Figure 2.7: Image transformation from the spatial domain to the frequency domain [55]. DCT represents a finite series of data points as a sum of harmonics cosine functions. DCTs representation have been used for numerous data processing applications, such as lossy coding of audio signal and images. It has been found that small number of DCT coefficients are capable of representing large sequence of raw data. This transform has been widely used in signal processing of image data, especially in coding for compression for its near-optimal performance. The discrete cosine transform helps to separate the image into spectral sub-bands of differing importance with respect to the images visual quality [55]. The use of cosine is much more efficient than sine functions in image compression since this cosine function is capable of representing edges and boundary. As described below, fewer coefficients are needed to approximate and represent a typical signal. The Two-dimensional DCT is useful in the analysis of two-dimensional (2D) signals such as images. We say that the 2D DCT is separable in the two dimensions. It is computed in a simple way: The 1D DCT is applied to each row of an image, s, and then to each column of the result. Thus, the transform of the image s(x, y) is given by [55], (2.13) where. (n x m) is the size of the block that the DCT is applied on. Equation (2.3) calculates one entry (u, v) of the transformed image from the pixel values of the original image matrix [55]. Where u and v are the sample in the frequency domain. DCT is widely used especially for image compression for encoding and decoding, at encoding process image divided into N x N blocks after that DCT performed to each block. In practice JPEG compression uses DCT with a block of 88. Quantization applied to DCT coefficient to compress the blocks so selecting any quantization method effect on compression value. Compressed blocks are saved in a storage memory with significantly space reduction. In decoding process, compressed blocks are loaded which de-quantized with reverse the quantization process. Inverse DCT was applied on each block and merging blocks into an image which is similar to original one [56]. Vector Quantization Vector Quantization (VQ) is a lossy compression method. It uses a codebook containing pixel patterns with corresponding indexes on each of them. The main idea of VQ is to represent arrays of pixels by an index in the codebook. In this way, compression is achieved because the size of the index is usually a small fraction of that of the block of pixels. The image is subdivided into blocks, typically of a fixed size of nÃÆ'-n pixels. For each block, the nearest codebook entry under the distance metric is found and the ordinal number of the entry is transmitted. On reconstruction, the same codebook is used and a simple look-up operation is performed to produce the reconstructed image [53]. The main advantages of VQ are the simplicity of its idea and the possible efficient implementation of the decoder. Moreover, VQ is theoretically an efficient method for image compression, and superior performance will be gained for large vectors. However, in order to use large vectors, VQ becomes complex and requires many computational resources (e.g. memory, computations per pixel) in order to efficiently construct and search a codebook. More research on reducing this complexity has to be done in order to make VQ a practical image compression method with superior quality [50]. Learning Vector Quantization is a supervised learning algorithm which can be used to modify the codebook if a set of labeled training data is available [13]. For an input vector x, let the nearest code-word index be i and let j be the class label for the input vector. The learning-rate parameter is initialized to 0.1 and then decreases monotonically with each iteration. After a suitable number of iterations, the codebook typically converges and the training is terminated. The main drawback of the conventional VQ coding is the computational load needed during the encoding stage as an exhaustive search is required through the entire codebook for each input vector. An alternative approach is to cascade a number of encoders in a hierarchical manner that trades off accuracy and speed of encoding [14], [54]. 1.6 Medical Image Types Medical imaging techniques allow doctors and researchers to view activities or problems within the human body, without invasive neurosurgery. There are a number of accepted and safe imaging techniques such as X-rays, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Computed tomography (CT), Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Electroencephalography (EEG) [23-24]. 1.7 Conclusion In this chapter many compression techniques used for medical image have discussed. There are several types of medical images such as X-rays, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Computed tomography (CT), Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Electroencephalography (EEG). Image compression has two categories lossy and lossless compression. Lossless compression such as Run Length Encoding, Huffman Encoding Lempel-Ziv-Welch, and Area Coding. Lossy compression such as Predictive Coding (PC), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), and Vector Quantization (VQ).Several compression techniques already present a better techniques which are faster, more accurate, more memory efficient and simpler to use. These methods will be discussed in the next chapter.

A Feminist Reading of Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay -- Feminism F

A Feminist Reading of Their Eyes Were Watching God  Ã‚     Ã‚   In Zora Neale Hurston’s novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, the reader is treated to an enthralling story of a woman’s lifelong quest for happiness and love.   Although this novel may be analyzed according to several critical lenses, I believe the perspectives afforded by French feminists Helene Cixous and Luce Irigaray have been most useful in informing my interpretation of Hurston’s book.   In â€Å"The Laugh of the Medusa,† Cixous discusses a phenomenon she calls antilove that I have found helpful in defining the social hierarchy of women and relationships between them in the novel.   In addition, Cixous addresses the idea of woman as caregiver, which can be illustrated through the character of Janie in Their Eyes Were Watching God.   On the other hand, Luce Irigaray discusses the different modes of sexual desire of men and women in her essay, â€Å"The Sex Which is Not One.†Ã‚   Many examples supporting and refuting her claims can be found in the novel. According to Cixous, the most heinous crime committed by men against women is the promotion of antilove.   â€Å"Insidiously, violently, they have led [women] to hate women, to be their own enemies, to mobilize their immense strength against themselves, to be the executants of their virile needs† (1455).   Their Eyes Were Watching God offers many examples of women in vicious contention with one another, usually involving or benefiting a man.   Janie is confronted by the malice of her female neighbors in the very first chapter of the novel, as she arrives back in Eatonville after her adventure with Tea Cake.   â€Å"The women took the faded shirt and muddy overalls and laid them away for remembrance.   It was a weapon against her strength and if i... ... 1930's can also be applied today, within the context of my own personal life and that of the surrounding society.   The challenges Janie struggles with as she moves through her life are the same struggles every woman, no matter where or when she lives, have had to face.   In my opinion, it is this universality that renders Their Eyes Were Watching God and its companion criticisms so valuable for readers.    Works Cited Cixous, Hà ©là ¨ne.   â€Å"The Laugh of the Medusa.†Ã‚   The Critical Tradition: Classic Texts and Contemporary Trends.   Ed. David H. Richter.   Boston: Bedford Books, 1998. 1454-1466. Hurston, Zora Neale.   Their Eyes Were Watching God.   New York: HarperPerennial, 1998.   Irigaray, Luce.   â€Å"That Sex Which is Not One.†Ã‚   The Critical Tradition: Classic Texts and Contemporary Trends.   Ed. David H. Richter.   Boston: Bedford Books, 1998. 1467-1471.   

Lord of the Flies-Rules on the Island Essay

We need rules to keep us safe. Also, rules will make it fair and equal for everyone and help us to survive and be rescued. It is really important for us to follow these rules. We need rules on this island to keep us safe until we are rescued. We nearly set the whole island on fire and now the boy with the birthmark is missing! To stop this happening again we will have only one fire only, up on the mountain, for cooking and as a signal. That way no-one will be harmed. Also, don’t wander into the jungle at night. You could get lost and then we all have to come looking for you. Another problem is boys going to the toilet wherever they want. It stinks and it is dirty, especially when you go near the fruit. We could all get sick from it! From now on go near the rocks and the water will wash it away. These are just a few reasons why we must have rules! Rules will ensure that every boy is treated fairly and equally. The conch should be used at all meetings where only the boy with the conch can talk. By doing this there will be no interruptions and everyone will get a fair say. Furthermore, Piggy has been hit and his glasses broken. The idea of the stronger boys taking advantage of the weaker ones is not acceptable. This behaviour is barbaric! Can’t you see? If we continue this there will be fights and arguments and we will fall apart. Without doubt this proves that rules are needed. We need rules or we won’t survive and get rescued. We all need food and shelter to survive. Without food we will starve and without shelter there is no protection from the elements. We must work together so shelter is built and food is caught. In addition, if we don’t follow rules such as keep the fire going we won’t get rescued. We already missed one chance of rescue when Jack left the fire, we won’t miss another! Clearly this shows, it isn’t hard, rules must be followed. You guys have to realise that these rules determine life and death. Rules keep us safe, they ensure everyone is treated fairly, and help us survive and be rescued. It’s up to you to follow these very important rules which must be abided to.